![]() The first ionization energy of an atom is defined as the energy required to remove the most loosely held electron from each of one mole of gaseous atoms, producing one mole of singly charged gaseous ions in other words, it is the energy required for 1 mole of this process: Therefore, the atoms increase in size down the group. More layers of electrons take up more space, due to electron-electron repulsion. The only factor affecting the size of the atom is the number of layers of inner electrons which surround the atom. This is true for each of the other atoms in Group 1. This effect is illustrated in the figure below: The positive charge on the nucleus is canceled out by the negative charges of the inner electrons. In each element, the outer electron experiences a net charge of +1 from the nucleus. The attraction the outer electrons feel from the nucleusĬompare the electronic configurations of lithium and sodium:.The number of layers of electrons around the nucleus.The radius of an atom is governed by two factors: The chart below shows the increase in atomic radius down the group. Cesium is also used in optical systems, such as telescopes, and in medical diagnostics.\) Cesium clocks are the most accurate timekeeping devices in the world, and are used in a variety of settings, including GPS systems, telecommunications, and scientific research. Cesium is used in a variety of applications, the most common being in atomic clocks.Cesium also has a long half-life and is used in atomic clocks and other scientific applications. It is used in the production of photoelectric cells, infrared lamps and television picture tubes. Cesium is a soft, silver-white metal that is very reactive and has a melting point of 29.7 degrees Celsius.Cesium is a member of the group 1 of the periodic table. It has a melting point of 29.5 degrees Celsius and a boiling point of 844 degrees Celsius. Cesium is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. It has a density of 1.93 grams per cubic centimeter. Cesium is the most abundant of the rare earth metals. Cesium is very reactive and it ignites in air.It is the most electropositive and alkaline element. Cesium is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal. Cesium is used in atomic clocks, photoelectric cells, and in the manufacture of some types of semiconductors. It is the most electropositive of all the metals and is the least dense solid element. Cesium is a soft, silver-white metal that is very reactive.Cesium is found in group 1 of the periodic table and has the symbol Cs. It is the most electropositive metal and has the largest liquid range of any metal. Cesium is a silver-white metal that is very shiny.It can be easily pulled into wires and has a low melting point of 28.4 degrees Celsius. Cesium is a soft metal that is very ductile.Cesium is a soft, silver-white metal that is very ductile and has a low melting point.
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